ous, is supposed to be no other t1 an a variety of the common European gnat.

Cattle are su'bj'ect to the attacks of several:' kinds of insect. You have already seen that the Qestrus and the Tabanus injure them with impunity. We haII now perceive that they are equally liable to the attacks of cvcral other kinds; one of which, the Gonops, s beneficial to tliem in the judgment of Lin naus, by inducing a continual motion, and by this means preventing them from the ill effects of indolence and repletion.

One of these genera s the Empis, v hick has orne affinity in its habits to the Tipul tribe,

The Empis livida is a brownish fly, witty

transparent wings. It frequents

s a+

"' oi1 rye, in some parts of Sweden, by which the country people supposed that the crops were injured; but, as they feed' princi J)aliy on the smaller kinds of flies, it is more probable that they were serviceable to the corn, by ridding it of noxious insects.

Amongst the species of the genus Gonops, is the Gonops calcitrans, so extremely like the common window 4ly, that it is frequently mis taken for it but attentive observation will clearly distinguish it; by its strong, pointei prohocb, stretching forward from a joint at it

lower